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[5] [18] It binds to plasma proteins at a rate of 99.5%; it has a low volume of distribution (9 L/kg) and is thus not extensively absorbed. [5] [10] Subcutaneously administered maropitant had peak plasma concentration around half an hour after administration; the mean half-life is 6–8 hours, and a single dose lasts 24 hours in dogs. [10]
Apomorphine has a high clearance rate (3–5 L/kg/hr) and is mainly metabolized and excreted by the liver. [24] It is likely that while the cytochrome P450 system plays a minor role, most of apomorphine's metabolism happens via auto-oxidation, O-glucuronidation, O-methylation, N-demethylation, and sulfation.
Notably, apomorphine is used in veterinary clinics as an emetic due to severe off-target effects that lead to vomiting. [29] In another study, mice were administered a single 40 mg/kg dose of apomorphine. Slight DNA damage was observed in brain tissue three hours after treatment. [30]
So, the maintenance dose of foosporin is 100 milligrams (100 mg) per day—just enough to offset the amount cleared. Suppose a patient just started taking 100 mg of foosporin every day. On the first day, they'd have 100 mg in their system; their body would clear 10 mg, leaving 90 mg.
The median lethal dose of a substance is defined as the dose that leads to death in 50% of the tested population. It is a significant parameter in toxicology study and indicates the acute toxicity of a particular substance. LD50 is usually expressed in the weight of the chemical administered in milligram per unit of body weight (mg/kg). [29]
amitriptyline – tricyclic antidepressant used to treat separation anxiety, excessive grooming dogs and cats; amlodipine – calcium channel blocker used to decrease blood pressure; amoxicillin – antibacterial; apomorphine – emetic (used to induce vomiting) artificial tears – lubricant eye drops used as a tear supplement
h, hr, hor. hora: hour habt. habeat: let him have hor. alt. hora alternis: every other hour (every second hour; at alternate hours) hor. decub. hora decubitus: at bedtime hor. intermed. horis intermediis: at intermediate hours hor. tert. horis tertiis: every third hour h.s. hora somni (at the hour of sleep) at bedtime [or] half-strength
In pharmacokinetics, a maintenance dose is the maintenance rate [mg/h] of drug administration equal to the rate of elimination at steady state. This is not to be confused with dose regimen , which is a type of drug therapy in which the dose [mg] of a drug is given at a regular dosing interval on a repetitive basis.