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Living polymerization: A chain polymerization from which chain transfer and chain termination are absent. Note : In many cases, the rate of chain initiation is fast compared with the rate of chain propagation, so that the number of kinetic-chain carriers is essentially constant throughout the polymerization.
Living cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2‑oxazoline to poly(2‑oxazoline) In Living cationic ring-opening polymerization the monomer is a heterocycle such as an epoxide, THF, an oxazoline or an aziridine such as t-butylaziridine. [11] The propagating species is not a carbocation but an oxonium ion. Living polymerization is more ...
The second form of the equation is valid at steady-state polymerization, as the chains are being initiated at the same rate they are being terminated (R i = R t). [5] An exception is the class of living polymerizations, in which propagation is much slower than initiation, and chain termination does not occur until a quenching agent is added. In ...
There is a mode of polymerization referred to as reversible-deactivation polymerization which is distinct from living polymerization, despite some common features. Living polymerization requires a complete absence of termination reactions, whereas reversible-deactivation polymerization may contain a similar fraction of termination as conventional polymerization with the same concentration of ...
RAFT polymerization today is mainly carried out by thiocarbonylthio chain transfer agents. It was first reported by Rizzardo et al. in 1998. [6] RAFT is one of the most versatile methods of controlled radical polymerization because it is tolerant of a very wide range of functionality in the monomer and solvent, including aqueous solutions. [7]
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Only then will polymerization be thermodynamically favored by the resulting negative ΔG p. In practice, polymerization is favored at low temperatures: TΔS p is small. Depolymerization is favored at high temperatures: TΔS p is large. As the temperature increases, ΔG p become less negative. At a certain temperature, the polymerization reaches ...
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