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When atoms encounter such red-detuned laser light, they experience a "light shift", which creates a spatially dependent potential energy landscape. In the context of optical molasses, the term "molasses" refers to the slowing down of atoms, analogous to how molasses slows down the movement of objects moving through it.
An atom moving away from the laser sees it red-shifted and does not absorb the photon. 3.1 : An atom moving towards the laser sees it blue-shifted and absorbs the photon, slowing the atom. 3.2 : The photon excites the atom, moving an electron to a higher quantum state. 3.3: The atom re-emits a photon.
A photo of laser cooled lithium atoms. The bright blob corresponds to roughly 7 billion lithium atoms scattering the 671 nm light used to laser cool them to a few hundred microkelvins. The cloud has roughly a 5 mm extent. A window of the vacuum system where the lithium is trapped along with supporting optics can be seen in the foreground.
If the beams are red-detuned with respect to the atomic transition frequency, then the pump beam will be absorbed by atoms moving towards the beam source, while the probe beam will be absorbed by atoms moving away from that source at the same speed in the opposite direction. If the beams are blue-detuned, the opposite occurs.
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Interference of atom matter waves was first observed by Esterman and Stern in 1930, when a Na beam was diffracted off a surface of NaCl. [7] The short de Broglie wavelength of atoms prevented progress for many years until two technological breakthroughs revived interest: microlithography allowing precise small devices and laser cooling allowing atoms to be slowed, increasing their de Broglie ...
The authors say that their findings could help to better understand the nature of black holes and the evolution of the Milky Way. Nearly every large galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center.
Astronomers have made the most detailed infrared map of our galaxy ever made. ... The map is made up of 200,000 images taken by Vista, which is located at the ESO’s Paranal Observatory in Chile ...