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In theory, by limiting the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin through liposomal encapsulation, it can be used safely in concurrent combination with other cardiotoxic chemotherapy drugs, such as trastuzumab. There is an FDA black box warning that trastuzumab cannot be used in concurrent combination with doxorubicin, only in sequential combination.
Drugs used in diabetes treat types of diabetes mellitus by decreasing glucose levels in the blood. With the exception of insulin , most GLP-1 receptor agonists ( liraglutide , exenatide , and others), and pramlintide , all diabetes medications are administered orally and are thus called oral hypoglycemic agents or oral antihyperglycemic agents.
Doxorubicin is a very effective anti-cancer drug that causes congestive heart failure while treating tumors. [7] Doxorubicin is an uncoupling agent in that it inhibits proper functioning of complex I of the electron transport chain in mitochondria. It then leads to the production of ROS and the inhibition of ATP production.
So far as macrovascular disease in type 1 diabetes is concerned, the same group reported improved outcomes for cardiovascular events in the group who had been managed by strict blood glucose control: in this group the incidence of any cardiovascular disease was reduced by 30% (95% CI 7, 48; P = 0.016) compared to the group with less intensive ...
As an example, the incidence of congestive heart failure is 4.7%, 26% and 48% respectively when patients received doxorubicin at 400 mg/m 2, 550 mg/m 2 and 700 mg/m 2. [4] Therefore, the lifetime cumulative doxorubicin exposure is limited to 400–450 mg/m 2 in order to reduce congestive heart failure incidence to less than 5%, although ...
[2] [4] Omeprazole is a popular drug that conforms to Lipinski's rule of five. Some authors have criticized the rule of five for the implicit assumption that passive diffusion is the only important mechanism for the entry of drugs into cells, ignoring the role of transporters. For example, O'Hagan and co-authors wrote as follows: [5]
The pumps remove drugs from tumor cells which lead to low drug concentration in the target, below therapeutic level. Efflux is caused by P-glycoprotein called also the multidrug transporter. This protein is a product of multidrug resistance gene MDR1 and a member of family of ATP-dependent transporters ( ATP-binding cassette ).
Aldoxorubicin (INNO-206) is a tumor-targeted doxorubicin conjugate in development by CytRx.Specifically, it is the (6-maleimido caproyl) hydrazone of doxorubicin.Essentially, this chemical name describes doxorubicin attached to an acid-sensitive linker (N-ε-maleimidocaproic acid hydrazide, or EMCH).