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Ships and other watercraft carry life saving appliances including lifeboats, lifebuoys, life-jackets, life raft and many others. Passengers and crew are informed of their availability in case of emergency. Life-saving appliances are mandatory as per chapter 3 of the SOLAS Convention.
Initially prompted by the sinking of the Titanic, the current version of SOLAS is the 1974 version, known as SOLAS 1974, which came into force on 25 May 1980, [1] and has been amended several times. As of April 2022, SOLAS 1974 has 167 contracting states, [1] which flag about 99% of merchant ships around the world in terms of gross tonnage. [1]
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) states that "The International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code) is a comprehensive set of measures to enhance the security of ships and port facilities, developed in response to the perceived threats to ships and port facilities in the wake of the 9/11 attacks in the United States".
DSC was intended to eliminate the need for persons on a ship's bridge or on shore to continuously guard radio receivers on voice radio channels, including VHF channel 16 (156.8 MHz) and 2182 kHz now used for distress, safety and calling. A listening watch aboard GMDSS-equipped ships on 2182 kHz ended on February 1, 1999.
The Polar Code applies to ships operating in Polar Waters. The Polar Code stems from previous IMO documents, including voluntary guidelines in both 2002 [5] and 2010. [6] As part of ongoing international work on the Polar Code, an IMO Workshop on the code's Environmental Aspects was held in Cambridge, United Kingdom, in September 2011.
The FSS Code or International Code for Fire Safety Systems is a set of international treaties organised by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) under the SOLAS Convention that are designed to reduce the risk of fire, and aid in emergency response aboard ships. [1]
It is defined in the Chapter III - Part A of the SOLAS Convention. The Muster List must be written in both the language of country of the ship registration and at least also in English. In ships where the majority of the crew speaks a 3rd language, the Muster List should also be made available in that language.
The Safety Of Life At Sea (SOLAS) Convention mandates the Life Saving Appliances (LSA) Code which includes the general alarm signal. [2] The LSA defines the characteristics of the general alarm signal. The alarm signal itself is seven or more short blasts followed by one prolonged blast on the ship's whistle. [3]