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Berel Lang argues against the conflation of nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience on the grounds that the necessary conditions for an act instancing civil disobedience are: (1) that the act violates the law, (2) that the act is performed intentionally, and (3) that the actor anticipates and willingly accepts punitive measures made on the ...
Martin Luther King Jr., James Bevel, Rosa Parks, and other activists in the American civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, used nonviolent civil disobedience techniques. Among the most notable civil disobedience events in the U.S. occurred when Parks refused to move on the bus when a white man tried to take her seat.
In his 1971 book, A Theory of Justice, John Rawls described civil disobedience as "a public, non-violent, conscientious yet political act contrary to law usually done with the aim of bringing about change in the law or policies of the government". [28] Ronald Dworkin held that there are three types of civil disobedience:
In 1935 he wrote: "... I found that even civil disobedience failed to convey the full meaning of the struggle. I therefore adopted the phrase civil resistance." [47] It is a near-synonym for nonviolent resistance, civil disobedience, people power and satyagraha.
Nonetheless, the Fair Employment Act is generally considered an important early civil rights victory. And the movement continued to gain momentum. In 1942, an estimated 18,000 blacks gathered at Madison Square Garden to hear Randolph kick off a campaign against discrimination in the military, war industries, government agencies, and labor unions.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 13 January 2025. 1849 essay by Henry David Thoreau Civil Disobedience First page of "Resistance to Civil Government" as published in Aesthetic Papers, in 1849. Author Henry David Thoreau Language English Publication place United States Media type Print Text Civil Disobedience at Wikisource This article ...
Civil rights protests were supposed to be defiant acts of civil disobedience and were met with disapproval by most white Americans. In 1966, 54% of whites felt they were “not justified.”
In general, advocates of an activist philosophy of nonviolence use diverse methods in their campaigns for social change, including critical forms of education and persuasion, mass noncooperation, civil disobedience, nonviolent direct action, constructive program, and social, political, cultural and economic forms of intervention. [4] [5]