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A distribution map of Fula people. Dark green: a major ethnic group; Medium: significant; Light: minor. [22] [47] The Fula people are widely distributed, across the Sahel from the Atlantic coast to the Red Sea, particularly in West Africa. In addition, many also speak other languages of the countries they inhabit, making many Fulani bilingual ...
The Fulani people call the region Fuuta-Jaloo ( ࢻُوتَ جَلࣾو ) in the Pular language. 'Futa' is a Fula word for any region inhabited by the Fulɓe. 'Djallon' means 'mountain' in old Jallonke. [1] [2] [3] The name in Pular, and in the Fula (macro)language of which it is a part, is also sometimes spelled Fuuta-Jalon.
Initially, they followed a traditional African religion and coexited peacefully with the native Yalunka people. In the 18th century an influx of Muslim Fulɓe from Macina, Mali changed the fabric of Fula society. [3]: 85 By 1700, wealthy Muslim Fulanis resented the high taxes and demanded the right to build mosques and Islamic madrasas. [3]: 88
Hausa–Fulani are people of mixed Hausa and Fulani origin. [1] They are primarily found in the Northern region of Nigeria, most of whom speak a variant of Hausa or Fula or both as their first language. The term Hausa-Fulani is also used mostly as a joint term to refer to both the monoethnic Hausa and Fulani ethnic populations in Northern ...
Some groups have alleged that there is deliberate misreporting in order to give selected ethnicities numerical superiority (as in the case of Nigeria's Hausa, Fulani, Yoruba, and Igbo peoples). [1] [2] [3] A 2009 genetic clustering study, which genotyped 1327 polymorphic markers in various African populations, identified six ancestral clusters.
In fact, a large number of Fulani living in Hausa regions cannot speak Fulfulde at all and speak Hausa as their first language. Many Fulani in the region do not distinguish themselves from the Hausa, as they have long intermarried, they share the Islamic religion and more than half of all Nigerian Fulani have integrated into Hausa culture. [45]
The people of the area mostly speak Pulaar, a dialect of the Fula language that spans West Africa from Senegal to Cameroon. They identified themselves by the language giving rise to the name Haalpulaar'en meaning those who speak Pulaar. The Haalpulaar'en are also known as Toucouleurs (var. Tukolor), a name also derived from of Takrur.
Map of the Imamate of Futa Toro, early 19th century. The Torodbe at first recruited members from all levels of Sūdānī society, particularly the poorer people. [7] Torodbe clerics included people whose origin was Fula, Wolof, Mande, Hausa and Berber.