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A mature female big-cone pine (Pinus coulteri) cone, the heaviest pine cone A young female cone on a Norway spruce (Picea abies) Immature male cones of Swiss pine (Pinus cembra) A conifer cone, or in formal botanical usage a strobilus, pl.: strobili, is a seed-bearing organ on gymnosperm plants, especially in conifers and cycads.
The leaves are in fascicles of three, [6] needle-like, yellow-green, twisted, and 9–15 centimeters (3 + 1 ⁄ 2 –6 in) long. The cones are resin-sealed and irregularly shaped, [4] 8–16 cm (3 + 1 ⁄ 4 – 6 + 1 ⁄ 4 in) long and clustered in whorls of three to six on the branches. The scales end in a short stout prickle.
The cones thus grow over a two-year (26-month) cycle, so that newer green and older, seed-bearing or open brown cones are on the tree at the same time. Open cone with empty pine nuts. The seed cones open to 6–9 cm (2 + 1 ⁄ 4 – 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) broad when mature, holding the seeds on the scales after opening.
The female cones are large and usually woody, 2–60 centimetres (1–24 inches) long, with numerous spirally arranged scales, and two winged seeds on each scale. The male cones are small, 0.5–6 cm (1 ⁄ 4 – 2 + 1 ⁄ 4 in) long, and fall soon after pollination; pollen dispersal is by wind. Seed dispersal is mostly by wind, but some ...
The distinguishing characteristic is the reproductive structure known as a cone produced by all Pinales. All of the extant conifers, such as Araucaria, cedar, celery-pine, cypress, fir, juniper, kauri, larch, pine, redwood, spruce, and yew, are included here.
The seeds are 2–3 cm (3 ⁄ 4 – 1 + 1 ⁄ 4 in) long, with a thick shell, with a vestigial 1–2 mm (0.04–0.08 in) wing; the seedlings have 18–24 cotyledons, the highest number reported for any plant. It differs from all other pinyon species in that it has very massive cones and large seeds.
The cones get shipped to the U.S. Forest Service's Coeur d'Alene Nursery, where they'll sit on drying racks for a few months. Once the moisture is out, the cones are cracked by hand to extract the ...
The seeds are small, 4–7 mm (3 ⁄ 16 – 1 ⁄ 4 in) long, and have a long slender wing 15–22 mm (9 ⁄ 16 – 7 ⁄ 8 in) long. The branches are borne in regular whorls , [ 5 ] produced at the rate of one a year; this is pronounced in narrow, stand-grown trees, while open specimens may have a more rounded form with wide-reaching limbs.