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Levocetirizine, sold under the brand name Xyzal, among others, is a second-generation antihistamine used for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and long-term hives of unclear cause. [3] It is less sedating than older antihistamines. [ 4 ]
The unbound or free fraction of levocetirizine has been reported to be 8%. [7] The true volume of distribution of cetirizine is unknown but is estimated to be 0.3 to 0.45 L/kg. [9] [7] Cetirizine poorly and slowly crosses the blood–brain barrier, which is thought to be due to its chemical properties and its activity as a P-glycoprotein substrate.
Levocetirizine (Xyzal) Levomepromazine (low-potency typical antipsychotic) Loratadine (Claritin) Maprotiline (tetracyclic antidepressant) Meclizine (most commonly used as an antiemetic) Mianserin (tetracyclic antidepressant) Mirtazapine (tetracyclic antidepressant, also has antiemetic and appetite-stimulating effects; trade name: Remeron)
H 1 antagonists, also called H 1 blockers, are a class of medications that block the action of histamine at the H 1 receptor, helping to relieve allergic reactions.Agents where the main therapeutic effect is mediated by negative modulation of histamine receptors are termed antihistamines; other agents may have antihistaminergic action but are not true antihistamines.
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Fexofenadine is used for relief from physical symptoms associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis and for treatment of hives, including chronic urticaria. [12] It does not cure, but rather prevents the aggravation of allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria, and reduces the severity of the symptoms associated with those conditions, providing relief from repeated sneezing, runny nose ...
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In chemistry, a racemic mixture or racemate (/ r eɪ ˈ s iː m eɪ t, r ə-, ˈ r æ s ɪ m eɪ t / [1]) is one that has equal amounts of left- and right-handed enantiomers of a chiral molecule or salt. Racemic mixtures are rare in nature, but many compounds are produced industrially as racemates.