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Multiple sclerosis can be pathologically defined as the presence of distributed glial scars (or sclerosis) in the central nervous system disseminated in time (DIT) and space (DIS). [2] The gold standard for MS diagnosis is pathological correlation, though given its limited availability, other diagnosis methods are normally used. [ 3 ]
Multiple sclerosis can cause a variety of symptoms including changes in sensation (hypoesthesia), muscle weakness, abnormal muscle spasms, impaired movement, difficulties with coordination and balance, problems in speech (known as dysarthria) or swallowing , visual problems (nystagmus, optic neuritis, or diplopia), fatigue and acute or chronic ...
Bladder problems (See also urinary system and urination) appear in 70–80% of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and they have an important effect both on hygiene habits and social activity. [51] [52] Bladder problems are usually related with high levels of disability and pyramidal signs in lower limbs. [53]
Nearly 2.3 million people are estimated to be living with multiple sclerosis around the world, but when Montel Williams received his official diagnosis back in 1999, not much was known about the ...
Inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs), sometimes called Idiopathic (IIDDs) due to the unknown etiology of some of them, are a heterogenous group of demyelinating diseases - conditions that cause damage to myelin, the protective sheath of nerve fibers - that occur against the background of an acute or chronic inflammatory process.
In the most well-known demyelinating disease, multiple sclerosis, evidence suggests that the body's immune system plays a significant role. Acquired immune system cells, specifically T-cells, are found at the site of lesions. Other immune system cells, such as macrophages (and possibly mast cells), also contribute to the damage. [8]
Limb girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMD) as defined by the European Neuromuscular Centre in 2018. [1] [2] They are named by the following system: LGMD, recessive or dominant inheritance (R or D), order of discovery (number), affected protein. [1] LGMD D1 DNAJB6-related; LGMD D2 TNP03-related; LGMD D3 HNRNPDL-related; LGMD D4 calpain3-related
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease resulting in damage to the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. [3] As a demyelinating disease, MS disrupts the nervous system's ability to transmit signals, resulting in a range of signs and symptoms, including physical, mental, and sometimes psychiatric problems.