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Hebrew ʾōḏem derives from the Hebrew root meaning "red". Carnelian is called sardion in Greek. Theophrastus (De lap., 55) and Pliny (Hist. nat., XXXVII, xxxi) derive sardion from the name of the city of Sardes where, they claim, it was first found. The carnelian is a siliceous stone and a species of chalcedony.
Carnelian was a common gemstone in the surrounding regions of Egypt and Mesopotamia. [18] Some modern translations translate this stone as being a ruby, even though rubies were unknown in biblical times. [19]
Carnelian (also spelled cornelian) [3] is a brownish-red mineral commonly used as a semiprecious stone. Similar to carnelian is sard , which is generally harder and darker; the difference is not rigidly defined, and the two names are often used interchangeably.
Exodus 28:18 and 39:11 both refer to the carbuncles (Biblical Hebrew: נֹ֥פֶךְ, romanized: nōp̄eḵ) use as the fourth stone in the breastplate of the Hoshen. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] Ezekiel 28:13 is a lamentation on the king of Tyrus, speaking of the fall of Satan "... every precious stone was thy covering, the carnelian, topaz, and the diamond ...
The first-century historian Josephus believed there was a connection between the twelve stones in Aaron's breastplate (signifying the tribes of Israel, as described in the Book of Exodus), the twelve months of the year, and the twelve signs of the zodiac.
An orange carnelian scaraboid seal dating to the 8th century BC also mentions Ahaz. Its inscription reads, "Belonging to Ushna servant of Ahaz." While Ushna is unknown, the seal refers to Ahaz, king of Judah, who is mentioned in 2 Kings 16. This artifact is currently part of the Yale University's collection of ancient seals. [17]
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Biblical languages are any of the languages employed in the original writings of the Bible.Some debate exists as to which language is the original language of a particular passage, and about whether a term has been properly translated from an ancient language into modern editions of the Bible.