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In the Quran, the Tawrāh, customarily translated as "Torah", refers to the divine scripture revealed to Moses as guidance for the Children of Israel. It contained laws, commandments, and stories of earlier prophets. [14] The Quran explains that the Gospel revealed to Jesus confirmed the Torah which came before it. [14]
the Word and the Word made flesh (John 1:1, 14), identified by the Christian theology with the second divine person of the Most Holy Trinity; the Son of God (John 1:34,49) and the Unigenitus Son of God and the Nicene Creed) the Lamb of God (John 1:29,36) Rabbi, meaning Teacher or Master (John 1:38,49) the Messiah, or the Christ
In critical-historical study scholars (such as John Wansbrough, Joseph Schacht, Patricia Crone, Michael Cook) seek to investigate and verify the Quran's origin, text, composition, and history, [1] examining questions, puzzles, difficult text, etc. as they would non-sacred ancient texts. [2]
Respect for the written text of the Quran is an important element of religious faith by many Muslims, and the Quran is treated with reverence. Based on tradition and a literal interpretation of Quran 56:79 ("none shall touch but those who are clean"), some Muslims believe that they must perform a ritual cleansing with water ( wudu or ghusl ...
Quranic studies is the academic study of the Quran, the central religious text of Islam. Like in biblical studies , the field uses and applies a diverse set of disciplines and methods, such as philology , textual criticism , lexicography , codicology , literary criticism , comparative religion , and historical criticism .
The history of the Quran, the holy book of Islam, is the timeline ranging from the inception of the Quran during the lifetime of Muhammad (believed to have received the Quran through revelation between 610 and 632 CE [1]), to the emergence, transmission, and canonization of its written copies. The history of the Quran is a major focus in the ...
The Quran is divided into chapters , which are then divided into verses . Muslims believe the Quran was verbally revealed by Allah to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel , [4] [5] gradually over a period of approximately 23 years, starting in late 609, when Muhammad was 39, and concluding in 632, the year of his death.
Compared to earlier works studying the Quran by Western writers, Nöldeke uncoupled the study of the text from inquiries into the life of Muhammad and, unlike predecessors of his such as William Muir, did not have a missionary zeal. Instead, Nöldeke studied the Quran for its own sake.