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The dentate gyrus, like the hippocampus, consists of three distinct layers: an outer molecular layer, a middle granule cell layer, and an inner polymorphic layer. [14] The polymorphic layer is also the hilus of the dentate gyrus (originally named as CA4, the junction of the hippocampus and dentate gyrus).
The subgranular zone is a narrow layer of cells located between the granule cell layer and hilus of the dentate gyrus. [1] This layer is characterized by several types of cells, the most prominent type being neural stem cells (NSCs) in various stages of development.
The principal cell type of the dentate gyrus is the granule cell. The dentate gyrus granule cell has an elliptical cell body with a width of approximately 10 μm and a height of 18μm. [3] The granule cell has a characteristic cone-shaped tree of spiny apical dendrites.
CA3 receives input from the mossy fibers of the granule cells in the dentate gyrus, and also from cells in the entorhinal cortex via the perforant path. The mossy fiber pathway ends in the stratum lucidum. The perforant path passes through the stratum lacunosum and ends in the stratum moleculare.
The polymorphic layer is the most superficial layer of the dentate gyrus and is often considered a separate subfield (as the hilus). This layer contains many interneurons, and the axons of the dentate granule cells pass through this stratum on the way to CA3. Stratum granulosum contains the cell bodies of the dentate granule cells.
In addition to place cells and grid cells, two further classes of spatial cell have since been identified in the hippocampal formation: head direction cells and boundary cells. As with the memory theory, there is now almost universal agreement that the hippocampal formation plays an important role in spatial coding, but the details are widely ...
The trisynaptic circuit is a neural circuit in the hippocampus, which is made up of three major cell groups: granule cells in the dentate gyrus, pyramidal neurons in CA3, and pyramidal neurons in CA1. The hippocampal relay involves three main regions within the hippocampus which are classified according to their cell type and projection fibers.
It receives feedback connections from mossy cells in the hilus at distant levels in the septal and temporal directions. The fascia dentata and the hilus together make up the dentate gyrus. As with all regions of the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus also receives GABAergic and cholinergic input from the medial septum and the diagonal band of Broca.