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A scientific theory is an explanation of an aspect of the natural world that can be or that has been repeatedly tested and has corroborating evidence in accordance with the scientific method, using accepted protocols of observation, measurement, and evaluation of results.
Scientific laws or laws of science are statements, based on repeated experiments or observations, that describe or predict a range of natural phenomena. [1] The term law has diverse usage in many cases (approximate, accurate, broad, or narrow) across all fields of natural science ( physics , chemistry , astronomy , geoscience , biology ).
Ramsey sentences are formal logical reconstructions of theoretical propositions attempting to draw a line between science and metaphysics. A Ramsey sentence aims at rendering propositions containing non-observable theoretical terms (terms employed by a theoretical language) clear by substituting them with observational terms (terms employed by an observation language, also called empirical ...
Phrenology – a theory of highly localised brain function popular in 19th century medicine. Homeopathy – a theory according to which a disease can be cured by infinitesimal doses of the substance that caused it; Eclectic medicine – transformed into alternative medicine, and is no longer considered a scientific theory
Scientific evidence is evidence that serves to either support or counter a scientific theory or hypothesis, [1] although scientists also use evidence in other ways, such as when applying theories to practical problems. [2]
Scientific theories are distinguished from philosophical theories in that each of their theorems are statements about observable data, whereas a philosophical theory includes theorems which are ideas or principles.
Consider a sentence such as "There's an electron in the sink." This means something along the lines of: "There exist some properties P 1, P 2, ..., P n ( one for every theoretical property involved in the scientific theory, with 'electronhood' (which roughly corresponds to the essence of an electron included as P 1) such that...
In a deductive theory, any sentence which is a logical consequence of one or more of the axioms is also a sentence of that theory. [11] This is called the received view of theories. In the semantic view of theories, which has largely replaced the received view, [18] [19] theories are viewed as scientific models. A model is an abstract and ...