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Pancreatitis is a common condition in cats and dogs. Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas that can occur in two very different forms. Acute pancreatitis [2] is sudden, while chronic pancreatitis is characterized by recurring or persistent form of pancreatic inflammation.
Gross pathology: Main duct, branch duct, and mixed duct lesions, which determines surgical management. Main duct lesion is the segmental or diffuse dilatation of main pancreatic duct greater than 5 mm without other causes of obstruction. Meanwhile, branch duct lesion is the pancreatic cyst more than 5 mm that communicates with the main duct.
The stone is impacted in the distal common bile duct. A nasobiliary tube has been inserted. Fluoroscopic image showing dilatation of the pancreatic duct during ERCP investigation. Endoscope is visible. Obstructive jaundice – This may be due to several causes Gallstones with dilated bile ducts on ultrasonography
Intrahepatic bile ducts 3. Left and right hepatic ducts 4. Common hepatic duct 5. Cystic duct 6. Common bile duct 7. Ampulla of Vater 8. Major duodenal papilla 9. Gallbladder 10–11. Right and left lobes of liver 12. Spleen 13. Esophagus 14. Stomach 15. Pancreas: 16. Accessory pancreatic duct
The duct is an embryological remnant, however in a small majority of people drains the pancreas. [1] It is present in several domestic animals (e.g., dogs, cats and horses), being the sole drain of the pancreas in pigs and cows through the ductus pancreaticus accessorius. [3]
[3] [12] A biopsy of the pancreas is not required for the diagnosis. [3] On imaging, pancreatic and bile duct dilatation, atrophy of the pancreas, multiple calcifications of the pancreas, and enlargement of pancreatic glands can be found. [12] On MRI scan, there is a low T1 signal due to inflammation, fibrosis, focal lesions, and calcifications.
The two most common causes of acute pancreatitis are a gallstone blocking the common bile duct after the pancreatic duct has joined; and heavy alcohol use. [1] Other causes include direct trauma, certain medications, infections such as mumps, and tumors. [1] Chronic pancreatitis may develop as a result of acute pancreatitis. [1]
The sphincter regulates the secretion of pancreatic juice and bile into the duodenum. [3] It also prevents reflux of duodenal contents into the ampulla of Vater. [4] By preventing reflux of the contents of the duodenum, the sphincter of Oddi prevents the accumulation of particulate matter and sludge in the bile ducts, reducing the risk of cholangitis.