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Mesons named with the letter "f" are scalar mesons (as opposed to a pseudo-scalar meson), and mesons named with the letter "a" are axial-vector mesons (as opposed to an ordinary vector meson) a.k.a. an isoscalar vector meson, while the letters "b" and "h" refer to axial-vector mesons with positive parity, negative C-parity, and quantum numbers I G of 1 + and 0 − respectively.
It is defined as = (¯), where is the number of quarks, and ¯ is the number of antiquarks. Baryons (three quarks) have a baryon number of +1, mesons (one quark, one antiquark) have a baryon number of 0, and antibaryons (three antiquarks) have a baryon number of −1.
Because quarks have a spin 1 / 2 , the difference in quark number between mesons and baryons results in conventional two-quark mesons being bosons, whereas baryons are fermions. Each type of meson has a corresponding antiparticle (antimeson) in which quarks are replaced by their corresponding antiquarks and vice versa.
A proton, the only baryon stable in isolation, has two up quarks and one down quark, confined via the exchange of gluons.. Baryons are composite particles made of three quarks, as opposed to mesons, which are composite particles made of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks.
Mesons are hadrons with zero baryon number. If the quark–antiquark pair are in an orbital angular momentum L state, and have spin S, then | L − S | ≤ J ≤ L + S, where S = 0 or 1, P = (−1) L+1, where the 1 in the exponent arises from the intrinsic parity of the quark–antiquark pair. C = (−1) L+S for mesons which have no flavor.
These include glueballs and hybrid mesons (mesons bound by excited gluons). Because mesons have an even number of quarks, they are also all bosons, with integer spin, i.e., 0, +1, or −1. They have baryon number B = 1 / 3 − 1 / 3 = 0 . Examples of mesons commonly produced in particle physics experiments include pions and kaons.
hybrid mesons Hybrid mesons contain a valence quark–antiquark pair and one or more gluons. All exotic mesons are classed as mesons because they are hadrons and carry zero baryon number. Of these, glueballs must be flavor singlets – that is, must have zero isospin, strangeness, charm, bottomness, and topness.
Kaon; Composition: K + u s. K 0 d s. K − s u: Statistics: Bosonic: Family: Mesons: Interactions: Strong, weak, electromagnetic, gravitational: Symbol: K + K 0 K −: Antiparticle: K + K −. K 0 K 0. K − K +: Discovered: 1947 (Clifford Butler and George Rochester at Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester)