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A directive is a legal act of the European Union [1] that requires member states to achieve particular goals without dictating how the member states achieve those goals. A directive's goals have to be made the goals of one or more new or changed national laws by the member states before this legislation applies to individuals residing in the ...
This list of European Union Directives is ordered by theme to follow EU law. For a date based list, see the Category:European Union directives by number. From 1 January 1992 to 31 December 2014, numbers assigned by the General Secretariat of the Council followed adoption, for instance: Directive 2010/75/EU. [1]
European Union law is a system of rules operating within the 27 member states of the European Union (EU). It has grown over time since the 1952 founding of the European Coal and Steel Community , to promote peace, social justice, a social market economy with full employment , and environmental protection.
Legal Acts of the European Union are laws which are adopted by the Institutions of the European Union in order to exercise the powers given to them by the EU Treaties. They come in five forms: regulations, directives, decisions, recommendations and opinions.
The 2009 Lisbon Treaty created two different ways for further amendments of the European Union treaties: an ordinary revision procedure which is broadly similar to the past revision process in that it involves convening an intergovernmental conference, and a simplified revision procedure whereby Part three of the Treaty on the Functioning of ...
The landmark judgments on the direct effect of Directives are Van Duyn v Home Office, [8] which established vertical direct effect of Directives, and Marshall v Southampton Health Authority, [9] which established that there is no horizontal direct effect of unimplemented directives. The horizontal direct effect of Directives is a contentious issue.
Directives occur when a decision at an EU level is used to direct member state governments on what to do. Directives specify the results to be achieved and the deadline within which to achieve them, but form and methods of implementation are left at the discretion of member states.
Indirect effect is a principle of the European Union (EU) law, whereby national courts of the member states of the EU are required to interpret national law in line with provisions of EU law. The principle of indirect effect contrasts with the principle of direct effect , which, under certain conditions, allows individuals to invoke the EU law ...