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Sertoli cell-only disease is frequently characterized by azoospermia which is the complete absence of sperm in semen. A tiny fraction of patients may still have measurable sperm levels. [1] About 90% of those with Sertoli cell-only syndrome have elevated FSH levels, usually two to three times the normal amount. [1]
Azoospermia is the medical condition of a man whose semen contains no sperm. [1] It is associated with male infertility, but many forms are amenable to medical treatment.In humans, azoospermia affects about 1% of the male population [2] and may be seen in up to 20% of male infertility situations in Canada.
Terms oligospermia, oligozoospermia, and low sperm count refer to semen with a low concentration of sperm [1] and is a common finding in male infertility. Often semen with a decreased sperm concentration may also show significant abnormalities in sperm morphology and motility (technically oligoasthenoteratozoospermia). There has been interest ...
It has been found through studies that spermatogenetic arrest tends to occur in the late spermatocyte/spermatid stage when the androgen receptor activation in Sertoli cells is interrupted or affected in some way. [3] However, other studies have found that the condition can be due to either genetic factors or a variety of secondary factors.
The volume of the semen sample (must be more than 1.5 ml), approximate number of total sperm cells, sperm motility/forward progression, and % of sperm with normal morphology are measured. It is possible to have hyperspermia (high volume more than 6 ml) or Hypospermia (low volume less than 0.5 ml). This is the most common type of fertility testing.
XX male syndrome, also known as de la Chapelle syndrome, is a rare intersex condition in which an individual with a 46,XX karyotype develops a male phenotype. [2] Synonyms for XX male syndrome include 46,XX testicular difference of sex development (or 46,XX DSD) [3] [4] [5] [6]
The presence of abnormally-shaped sperm can negatively affect fertility by preventing transport through the cervix and/or preventing sperm from adhering to the ovum. Achieving a pregnancy may be difficult. [3] In testing for teratozoospermia, sperm are collected, stained and analyzed under a microscope to detect abnormalities.
The development of intracytoplasmic sperm injection made conception a possibility for patients with a variety of male infertility conditions, including globozoospermia. [15] However, fertility rates with this approach are still low, and research is ongoing into how this can be improved.