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The highest rates of HPV are in younger women, with a rate of 24% in women under 25 years. [183] Rates decline in older age groups in Europe and the Americas, but less so in Africa and Asia. The rates are highest in Sub-Saharan Africa (24%) and Eastern Europe (21%) and lowest in North America (5%) and Western Asia (2%).
Rates are falling fastest among women in their early 20s, the first generation to benefit from HPV vaccines, which were approved in 2006. HPV, the human papillomavirus, causes six types of cancer ...
Papillomaviridae is a family of non-enveloped DNA viruses whose members are known as papillomaviruses. [1] Several hundred species of papillomaviruses, traditionally referred to as "types", [2] have been identified infecting all carefully inspected mammals, [2] but also other vertebrates such as birds, snakes, turtles and fish.
HPV infects the squamous epithelium, usually of the skin or genitals, but each HPV type is typically only able to infect a few specific areas of the body. Many HPV types can produce a benign growth, often called a "wart" or "papilloma", in the area they infect. [10] Many of the more common HPV and wart types are listed below.
In an observation of 348 women diagnosed with cervical cancer, almost 60 per cent tested positive for HPV type 16 and 18 which is a causative factor of cervical cancer. The increasing mortality among women with cervical cancer in Ghana suggests 26 in 100,000 Ghanaian women compared to women in most developed countries.
The cause of CIN is chronic infection of the cervix with HPV, especially infection with high-risk HPV types 16 or 18. It is thought that the high-risk HPV infections have the ability to inactivate tumor suppressor genes such as the p53 gene and the RB gene, thus allowing the infected cells to grow unchecked and accumulate successive mutations, eventually leading to cancer.
Gardasil is an HPV vaccine for use in the prevention of certain strains of human papillomavirus (HPV). [10] [7] [8] [9] [11] It was developed by Merck & Co. [12] High-risk human papilloma virus (hr-HPV) genital infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection among women. [13]
Where you fall on a BMI chart provides some clues into your health. This article features a BMI chart for women 18 and older.