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Dopamine receptors are implicated in many neurological processes, including motivational and incentive salience, cognition, memory, learning, and fine motor control, as well as modulation of neuroendocrine signaling. Abnormal dopamine receptor signaling and dopaminergic nerve function is implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders. [2]
The dopamine neurons of the dopaminergic pathways synthesize and release the neurotransmitter dopamine. [2] [3] Enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase and dopa decarboxylase are required for dopamine synthesis. [4] These enzymes are both produced in the cell bodies of dopamine neurons. Dopamine is stored in the cytoplasm and vesicles in axon terminals.
Dopamine is also synthesized in plants and most animals. In the brain, dopamine functions as a neurotransmitter—a chemical released by neurons (nerve cells) to send signals to other nerve cells. Neurotransmitters are synthesized in specific regions of the brain but affect many regions systemically.
The mesolimbic pathway and its positioning in relation to the other dopaminergic pathways. The mesolimbic pathway is a collection of dopaminergic (i.e., dopamine-releasing) neurons that project from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the ventral striatum, which includes the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and olfactory tubercle. [9]
D 5 receptor is highly homologous to the D 1 receptor. Their amino acid sequences are 49% [6] to 80% [12] identical. D 5 receptor has a long C-terminus of 93 amino acids, accounting for 26% of the entire protein. In spite of the high degree of homology between D 5 and D 1 receptors, their c-terminus tails have little similarity. [12]
The striatum (pl.: striata) or corpus striatum [5] is a cluster of interconnected nuclei that make up the largest structure of the subcortical basal ganglia. [6] The striatum is a critical component of the motor and reward systems; receives glutamatergic and dopaminergic inputs from different sources; and serves as the primary input to the rest of the basal ganglia.
6531 13162 Ensembl ENSG00000142319 ENSG00000276996 ENSMUSG00000021609 UniProt Q01959 Q61327 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001044 NM_010020 RefSeq (protein) NP_001035 NP_034150 Location (UCSC) Chr 5: 1.39 – 1.45 Mb Chr 13: 73.68 – 73.73 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse The dopamine transporter (DAT, also sodium-dependent dopamine transporter) is a membrane-spanning protein coded ...
This halts their dopamine release, and thereby serotonin decreases appetite. Drugs that block 5-HT 2C receptors make the body unable to recognize when it is no longer hungry or otherwise in need of nutrients, and are associated with weight gain, [64] especially in people with a low number of receptors. [65] The expression of 5-HT 2C receptors ...