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The primary antidote to brodifacoum poisoning is immediate administration of vitamin K 1 (dosage for humans: initially slow intravenous injections of 10–25 mg repeated at 3–6 hours until normalisation of the prothrombin time; then 10 mg orally four times daily as a "maintenance dose"). It is an extremely effective antidote, provided the ...
[5] [6] This phenomenon of poison shyness is the rationale for poisons that kill only after multiple doses. Besides being directly toxic to the mammals that ingest them, including dogs, cats, and humans, many rodenticides present a secondary poisoning risk to animals that hunt or scavenge the dead corpses of rats. [7]
For this reason, strychnine poisoning is often portrayed in literature and film, such as the murder mysteries written by Agatha Christie. [1] The probable lethal oral dose in humans is 1.5 to 2 mg/kg. [2] Similarly, the median lethal dose for dogs, cats, and rats ranges from 0.5 to 2.35 mg/kg. [3]
Strychnine poisoning in animals usually occurs from ingestion of baits designed for use against gophers, rats, squirrels, moles, chipmunks and coyotes. Strychnine is also used as a rodenticide , but is not specific to such unwanted pests and may kill other small animals.
Warning label on a tube of rat poison containing bromadiolone on a dike of the Scheldt river in Steendorp, Belgium. Bromadiolone is a potent anticoagulant rodenticide.It is a second-generation 4-hydroxycoumarin derivative and vitamin K antagonist, often called a "super-warfarin" for its added potency and tendency to accumulate in the liver of the poisoned organism.
Cats may be poisoned by many chemicals usually considered safe by their human guardians, [citation needed] because their livers are less effective at some forms of detoxification. [31] [32] Some of the most common causes of poisoning in cats are antifreeze and rodent baits. [33] Cats may be particularly sensitive to environmental pollutants. [34]
Secondary poisoning, or relay toxicity, is the poisoning that results when one organism comes into contact with or ingests another organism that has poison in its system. It typically occurs when a predator eats an animal, such as a mouse , rat , or insect , that has previously been poisoned by a commercial pesticide .
Infected cats in particular exude large quantities of Sporothrix organisms from their skin leasions and can spread the infection to people who handle them. [10] [18] Although cats are the most common animal source, the infection has also been known to spread to humans from dogs, rats, squirrels, and armadillos. [19]