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Megaloblastic anemia is a type of macrocytic anemia. An anemia is a red blood cell defect that can lead to an undersupply of oxygen. [1] Megaloblastic anemia results from inhibition of DNA synthesis during red blood cell production. [2] When DNA synthesis is impaired, the cell cycle cannot progress from the G2 growth stage to the mitosis (M ...
Megaloblastic anemias represent a type of macrocytic anemia characterized by certain morphologic abnormalities noted on a peripheral blood smear examination. These abnormalities include the presence of enlarged oval shaped red blood cells (macroovalocytes) and hypersegmented neutrophils (defined as a neutrophil with six or more lobes). [1]
Hemolytic crisis, with more pronounced jaundice due to accelerated hemolysis (may be precipitated by infection). Aplastic crisis with dramatic fall in hemoglobin level and (reticulocyte count)-decompensation, usually due to maturation arrest and often associated with megaloblastic changes; may be precipitated by infection, such as influenza ...
281.3 Other specified megaloblastic anemias, not elsewhere classified; 282 Hereditary hemolytic anemias. 282.0 Hereditary spherocytosis; 282.2 G6PD; 282.5 Sickle-cell trait; 282.6 Sickle-cell anemia; 283 Acquired hemolytic anemias. 283.0 Autoimmune hemolytic anemias. Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia; 283.1 Non-autoimmune hemolytic anemias
The presence of hypersegmented neutrophils is an important diagnostic feature of megaloblastic anaemias. Hypersegmentation can also be seen in many other conditions but with relatively less diagnostic significance. Hypersegmentation can sometimes be difficult to assert since interobserver variation is high and segmentation may vary with race.
A megaloblast is an unusually large erythroblast that can be associated with vitamin B 12 deficiency (caused by pernicious anemia or dietary insufficiency), folic acid deficiency, or both (such anemias are collectively called megaloblastic anemias).
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Macroovalocytes are enlarged, oval-shaped erythrocytes (red blood cells). They are not seen in healthy blood, and are most commonly seen in megaloblastic anemia. [1] In most instances, the macroovalocyte morphology is due to megaloblastic erythropoiesis (Vitamin B-12 or folate deficiency) but may be seen with dyserythropoiesis.