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A scanner used to measure bone density using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone density, or bone mineral density, is the amount of bone mineral in bone tissue.The concept is of mass of mineral per volume of bone (relating to density in the physics sense), although clinically it is measured by proxy according to optical density per square centimetre of bone surface upon imaging. [1]
Peak bone mass is the maximum amount of bone a person has during their life. [1] It typically occurs in the early 20s in females and late 20s in males. [2] Peak bone mass is typically lower in females than males, and is also lower in White people and Asians compared to black populations. [1]
In particular, physical exercise can be beneficial for bone density in postmenopausal women, [140] and lead to a slightly reduced risk of a bone fracture (absolute difference 4%). [141] Weight bearing exercise has been found to cause an adaptive response in the skeleton, [142] promoting osteoblast activity and protecting bone density. [143]
For example, females are often seen to be at a higher risk of bone fracture due to osteoporosis. Although females do lose bone density faster than males after menopause, the data shows a larger disparity because there are more older females in the population. [127]
One study of women who participated in Bikram yoga over a 5-year period found that premenopausal women had increased bone density in their neck, hips, and lower back. The authors of the study ...
A normal T score is -1.0 and above, low bone density is between -1.0 and -2.5, and osteoporosis is -2.5 and lower. A Z score is just a comparison of what a patient's bone mineral density is in comparison to the average bone mineral density of a male or female of their age and weight.