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Iron-deficiency anemia is anemia caused by a lack of iron. [3] Anemia is defined as a decrease in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. [3] When onset is slow, symptoms are often vague such as feeling tired, weak, short of breath, or having decreased ability to exercise. [1]
Pernicious anemia often presents slowly, and can cause harm insidiously and unnoticeably. Untreated, it can lead to neurological complications, and in serious cases, death. [19] The onset may be vague and slow and the condition can be confused with other conditions, and there may be few to many symptoms without anemia. [20]
Macrocytic anemia can also be caused by the removal of the functional portion of the stomach, such as during gastric bypass surgery, leading to reduced vitamin B 12 /folate absorption. Therefore, one must always be aware of anemia following this procedure. Hypothyroidism; Alcoholism commonly causes a macrocytosis, although not specifically anemia.
Red blood cells normally survive an average of about 120 days, becoming damaged (their oxygen-carrying capacity becomes compromised) as they age.
A number of different mediating factors can cause this condition; either from within the blood cell itself (intrinsic factors) or outside of the cell (extrinsic factors). [39] Congenital hemolytic anemia: Fanconi anemia: D61.0: 4745: D005199 Fanconi anemia is a rare genetic autosomal recessive aplastic anemia that involves chromosomes 9q and ...
If left untreated, acute iron poisoning can lead to multi-organ failure resulting in permanent organ damage or death. [ 1 ] Iron is available over the counter as a single entity supplement in an iron salt form or in combination with vitamin supplements and is commonly used in the treatment of anemias .
Aplastic anemia [2] (AA) [3] is a severe hematologic condition in which the body fails to make blood cells in sufficient numbers. Blood cells are produced in the bone marrow by stem cells that reside there. [4] Aplastic anemia causes a deficiency of all blood cell types: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. [5] [6]
Methemoglobinemia can be due to certain medications, chemicals, or food or it can be inherited. [2] Substances involved may include benzocaine , nitrites , or dapsone . [ 3 ] The underlying mechanism involves some of the iron in hemoglobin being converted from the ferrous [Fe 2+ ] to the ferric [Fe 3+ ] form. [ 3 ]