Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Whilst Bowlby's early writings on maternal deprivation may be seen as part of the background to the later development of attachment theory, there are many significant differences between the two. At the time of the 1951 publication, there was little research in this area and no comprehensive theory on the development of early relationships. [ 5 ]
The maternal deprivation hypothesis published in 1951 spurred a shift away from the use of residential nurseries in favour of foster homes. [ 133 ] Bowlby's contemporary René Spitz observed separated children's grief, proposing that " psychotoxic " results were brought about by inappropriate experiences of early care.
This report, which was titled Maternal Care and Mental Health, was commissioned by the WHO and supported his theory of maternal deprivation. According to Bowlby, a child needs to have a loving and continuous relationship with the mother to avoid permanent developmental damage and hospitalism. [3]
Ainsworth separated the three dimensions of maternal deprivation into lack of maternal care, distortion of maternal care and discontinuity of maternal care. She analysed the dozens of studies undertaken in the field and concluded that the basic assertions of the maternal deprivation hypothesis were sound although the controversy continued. [68]
This publication also attempted to address the previous lack of evidence on the effects of paternal deprivation. According to Rutter, the importance of Bowlby's initial writings on "maternal deprivation" lay in his emphasis that children's experiences of interpersonal relationships were crucial to their psychological development. [27]
This theory was both influential and controversial. Rutter made a significant contribution, his 1981 monograph and other papers (Rutter 1972; Rutter 1979) constituting the definitive empirical evaluation and update of Bowlby's early work on maternal deprivation.
Germany's parliamentary election on Feb. 23 will be the first under new rules designed to cut the size of a parliament that had grown too unwieldy, but they also make vote outcomes harder to forecast.
Cupboard love is a popular learning theory of the 1950s and 1960s based on the research of Sigmund Freud, Anna Freud, Melanie Klein and Mary Ainsworth. [1] Rooted in psychoanalysis, the theory speculates that attachment develops in the early stages of infancy. This process involves the mother satisfying her infant's instinctual needs, exclusively.