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  2. Network covalent bonding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_covalent_bonding

    Network covalent bonding. A network solid or covalent network solid (also called atomic crystalline solids or giant covalent structures) [1][2] is a chemical compound (or element) in which the atoms are bonded by covalent bonds in a continuous network extending throughout the material. In a network solid there are no individual molecules, and ...

  3. Covalent bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalent_bond

    There are several types of structures for covalent substances, including individual molecules, molecular structures, macromolecular structures and giant covalent structures. Individual molecules have strong bonds that hold the atoms together, but generally, there are negligible forces of attraction between molecules. Such covalent substances are usually gases, for example, HCl, SO 2, CO 2, and ...

  4. Silicon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon

    Silicon crystallises in a giant covalent structure at standard conditions, specifically in a diamond cubic crystal lattice (space group 227). It thus has a high melting point of 1414 °C, as a lot of energy is required to break the strong covalent bonds and melt the solid.

  5. Macromolecule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macromolecule

    A macromolecule is a very large molecule important to biological processes, such as a protein or nucleic acid. It is composed of thousands of covalently bonded atoms. Many macromolecules are polymers of smaller molecules called monomers. The most common macromolecules in biochemistry are biopolymers (nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates ...

  6. Bonding in solids - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonding_in_solids

    A network covalent solid consists of atoms held together by a network of covalent bonds (pairs of electrons shared between atoms of similar electronegativity), and hence can be regarded as a single, large molecule. The classic example is diamond; other examples include silicon, [3] quartz and graphite.

  7. Octasulfur - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octasulfur

    The chemical consists of rings of 8 sulfur atoms. It adopts a crown conformation with D 4d point group symmetry. The S–S bond lengths are equal, at about 2.05 Å. Octasulfur crystallizes in three distinct polymorphs: rhombohedral, and two monoclinic forms, of which only two are stable at standard conditions. The rhombohedral crystal form is the accepted standard state. The remaining ...

  8. Gallium (III) oxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium(III)_oxide

    Gallium (III) oxide is an inorganic compound and ultra-wide-bandgap semiconductor with the formula Ga 2 O 3. It is actively studied for applications in power electronics, phosphors, and gas sensing. [ 5 ][ 6 ][ 7 ] The compound has several polymorphs, of which the monoclinic β-phase is the most stable.

  9. Buckminsterfullerene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckminsterfullerene

    Buckminsterfullerene is a type of fullerene with the formula C 60. It has a cage-like fused-ring structure (truncated icosahedron) made of twenty hexagons and twelve pentagons, and resembles a football. Each of its 60 carbon atoms is bonded to its three neighbors. Buckminsterfullerene is a black solid that dissolves in hydrocarbon solvents to produce a violet solution. The substance was ...