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A subpoena (/ s ə ˈ p iː. n ə /; [1] also subpœna, supenna or subpena [2]) or witness summons is a writ issued by a government agency, most often a court, to compel testimony by a witness or production of evidence under a penalty for failure. There are two common types of subpoenas:
The subpoena duces tecum is similar to the subpoena ad testificandum, which is a writ summoning a witness to testify orally. However, unlike the latter summons, the subpoena duces tecum instructs the witness to bring in hand books, papers, or evidence for the court. In most jurisdictions, a subpoena usually has to be served personally.
The subpoena is a process in the name of the court or a judge, carrying with it a command dignified by the sanction of the law. [33] A subpoena has been called a mandate lawfully issued under the seal of the court by a clerk thereof. [34] In general, the norm is to have the clerk of the court issue the subpoena for an upcoming trial in that ...
New York City Mayor Eric Adams has been issued a federal grand jury subpoena as part of an investigation into corruption and illegal campaign donations, according to two sources familiar with the ...
House Republicans issued a subpoena Tuesday to a senior federal prosecutor involved in the criminal investigation into Hunter Biden, demanding answers for what they allege is Justice Department ...
Committee rules may provide for the full committee to issue a subpoena, or permit subcommittees or the chairman (acting alone or with the ranking member) to issue subpoenas. As announced in Wilkinson v. United States (1961), [15] a congressional committee must meet three requirements for its subpoenas to be "legally sufficient." First, the ...
House Republicans issued another series of subpoenas Monday as part of an ongoing investigation into what they contend is the mistreatment of parents who protested “woke” school board policies.
A national security letter (NSL) is an administrative subpoena issued by the United States government to gather information for national security purposes. NSLs do not require prior approval from a judge.