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John Henry Holland (February 2, 1929 – August 9, 2015) was an American scientist and professor of psychology and electrical engineering and computer science at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. He was a pioneer in what became known as genetic algorithms.
Holland's schema theorem, also called the fundamental theorem of genetic algorithms, [1] is an inequality that results from coarse-graining an equation for evolutionary dynamics. The Schema Theorem says that short, low-order schemata with above-average fitness increase exponentially in frequency in successive generations.
Genetic algorithms in particular became popular through the work of John Holland in the early 1970s, and particularly his book Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems (1975). His work originated with studies of cellular automata , conducted by Holland and his students at the University of Michigan .
Although the idea of evolving programs, initially in the computer language Lisp, was current amongst John Holland's students, [3] it was not until they organised the first Genetic Algorithms (GA) conference in Pittsburgh that Nichael Cramer [4] published evolved programs in two specially designed languages, which included the first statement of ...
John Henry Holland introduced genetic algorithms in the 1960s, and it was further developed at the University of Michigan in the 1970s. [5] While the other approaches were focused on solving problems, Holland primarily aimed to use genetic algorithms to study adaptation and determine how it may be simulated.
A schema (pl.: schemata) is a template in computer science used in the field of genetic algorithms that identifies a subset of strings with similarities at certain string positions. Schemata are a special case of cylinder sets , forming a basis for a product topology on strings. [ 1 ]
A step-wise schematic illustrating a generic Michigan-style learning classifier system learning cycle performing supervised learning. Keeping in mind that LCS is a paradigm for genetic-based machine learning rather than a specific method, the following outlines key elements of a generic, modern (i.e. post-XCS) LCS algorithm.
1973 – Hopcroft–Karp algorithm developed by John Hopcroft and Richard Karp; 1974 – Pollard's p − 1 algorithm developed by John Pollard; 1974 – Quadtree developed by Raphael Finkel and J.L. Bentley; 1975 – Genetic algorithms popularized by John Holland; 1975 – Pollard's rho algorithm developed by John Pollard