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In humans, 90% of orally administered exogenous melatonin is cleared in a single passage through the liver, a small amount is excreted in urine, and a small amount is found in saliva. [13] Melatonin is excreted in the urine 2 to 5% as the unchanged drug. [6] [8] Melatonin has an elimination half-life of about 20 to 60 minutes.
The popular sleep aid can have side effects.
In humans, ~30 μg of melatonin is produced daily and 80% of the total amount is produced in the night (W). The plasma maximum concentration of melatonin at night are 80–120 pg/mL and the concentrations during the day are between 10–20 pg/mL.
Many insomnia-related disorders can present significantly differently between patients, and circadian rhythm disorders and melatonin related disorders are not well understood by modern medical science. The orexin system was only identified in 1998, [1] yet it appears intimately implicated in human sleep-wake systems.
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