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Injection pump for a 12-cylinder diesel engine. An injection pump is the device that pumps fuel into the cylinders of a diesel engine.Traditionally, the injection pump was driven indirectly from the crankshaft by gears, chains or a toothed belt (often the timing belt) that also drives the camshaft.
Fuel injected engines use either electric fuel pumps mounted inside the fuel tank (for lower pressure manifold injection systems) [1] or high-pressure mechanical pumps mounted on the engine (for high-pressure direct injection systems). Some engines do not use any fuel pump at all.
The term fuel injection is vague and comprises various distinct systems with fundamentally different functional principles. The only thing all fuel injection systems have in common is the absence of carburetion. There are two main functional principles of mixture formation systems for internal combustion engines: internal and external.
The pump element is on the way down, and as long as the solenoid valve remains de-energized the fuel line is open and fuel flows in into the return duct. Injection phase The pump element is still on the way down, the solenoid is now energised and the fuel line is immediately closed. The fuel cannot pass back into the return duct, and is now ...
The pump plunger begins descending, but the spill valve is open, and fuel recirculates back to the return line. Injection phase Partway through the pump stroke, the solenoid is energized, which closes the spill valve. The fuel is forced into the cylinder through the spray tip. Pressure reduction phase Toward the end of the pump stroke, the ...
Common rail fuel system on a Volvo truck engine. In 1916 Vickers pioneered the use of mechanical common rail systems in G-class submarine engines. For every 90° of rotation, four plunger pumps allowed a constant injection pressure of 3,000 pounds per square inch (210 bar; 21 MPa), with fuel delivery to individual cylinders being shut off by valves in the injector lines. [1]