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The Academy (Ancient Greek: Ἀκαδημία, romanized: Akadēmía), variously known as Plato's Academy, the Platonic Academy, and the Academic School, [citation needed] was founded at Athens by Plato circa 387 BC. Aristotle studied there for twenty years (367–347 BC) before founding his own school, the Lyceum.
Plato and Aristotle walking and disputing. Detail from Raphael's The School of Athens (1509–1511) The Lyceum (Ancient Greek: Λύκειον, romanized: Lykeion) was a temple in Athens dedicated to Apollo Lyceus ("Apollo the wolf-god" [1]). It was best known for the Peripatetic school of philosophy founded there by Aristotle in 334 BC.
In the classical period, Athens was a centre for the arts, learning, and philosophy, the home of Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum, [2] [3] Athens was also the birthplace of Socrates, Plato, Pericles, Aristophanes, Sophocles, and many other prominent philosophers, writers, and politicians of the ancient world.
Plato introduces him as one of the persons in the Parmenides and as a very young man at the time of the dialogue. There was also an "Aristotle of Athens" mentioned by Diogenes Laërtius , who was apparently an orator and statesman, under whose name were known some forensic orations that later writers considered distinguished for their elegance.
The ideas of Aristotle and Plato, shown in Raphael's The School of Athens, were partly lost to Western Europeans for centuries.. The transmission of the Greek Classics to Latin Western Europe during the Middle Ages was a key factor in the development of intellectual life in Western Europe. [1]
Aristotle and his colleagues first began to use the Lyceum in this way about 335 BC, [7] after which Aristotle left Plato's Academy and Athens, and then returned to Athens from his travels about a dozen years later. [8] Because of the school's association with the gymnasium, the school also came to be referred to simply as the Lyceum. [6]
However, Plato's Timaeus – which is the book Raphael places in his hand – was a sophisticated treatment of space, time, and change, including the Earth, which guided mathematical sciences for over a millennium. Aristotle, with his four-elements theory, held that all change on Earth was owing to motions of the heavens.
Plato (/ ˈ p l eɪ t oʊ / PLAY-toe; [1] Greek: Πλάτων, Plátōn, born c. 428-423 BC, died 348 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Classical period who is considered a foundational thinker in Western philosophy and an innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms.