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Cahokia became the most important center for the Mississippian culture. This culture was expressed in settlements that ranged along major waterways across what is now the Midwest, Eastern, and Southeastern United States. Cahokia was located in a strategic position near the confluence of the Mississippi, Missouri, and Illinois rivers.
The word Cahokia has several different meanings, referring to different peoples and often leading to misconceptions and confusion. Cahokia can refer to the physical mounds, a settlement that turned into a still existing small town in Illinois, the original mound builders of Cahokia who belonged to a larger group known as the Mississippians, or the Illinois Confederation subtribe of peoples who ...
The Cahokia polity was a political entity that existed with Cahokia as its center and exercising control over outlying areas. Unlike other Mississippian chiefdoms , the Cahokia polity had an unusual early emergence, high population, and noted greater regional influence.
The falcon warrior or "birdman" is a common motif in Mississippian culture, and is even represented by other finds at Cahokia in the form of two small stone tablets with avian-human imagery. Below the birdman was a woman, [12] buried facing downward. This burial clearly had powerful iconographic significance to the peoples of Cahokia. [13]
Cahokia became the largest city north of Mesoamerica covering an area of 14.5 km 2 (5.6 sq mi) and with a population estimated at between 10,000 and 15,000 people. The fall of Cahokia about 1300 CE initiated the Middle Mississippian Culture (1300 to 1475 CE) which saw the influence of Cahokia reflected in a large number of smaller chiefdoms.
Moundville: Ranked with Cahokia as one of the two most important sites at the core of the Mississippian culture, [11] located near Tuscaloosa, Alabama. The Parkin site : The type site for the "Parkin phase", an expression of Late Mississippian culture, believed by many archaeologists to be the province of Casqui visited by Hernando de Soto in 1542.
Monks Mound, built c. 950–1100 CE and located at the Cahokia Mounds UNESCO World Heritage Site near Collinsville, Illinois, is the largest pre-Columbian earthwork in America north of Mesoamerica. Many pre-Columbian cultures in North America were collectively termed "Mound Builders", but the term has no formal meaning
Cahokia was a major regional chiefdom, with trade and tributary chiefdoms located in a range of areas from bordering the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico. Kincaid [19] c. 1050–1400 CE, [20] is one of the largest settlements of the Mississippian culture, it was located at the southern tip of present-day U.S. state of Illinois.