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This page shows the electron configurations of the neutral gaseous atoms in their ground states. For each atom the subshells are given first in concise form, then with all subshells written out, followed by the number of electrons per shell. For phosphorus (element 15) as an example, the concise form is [Ne] 3s 2 3p 3.
Grayed out electron numbers indicate subshells filled to their maximum. Bracketed noble gas symbols on the left represent inner configurations that are the same in each period. Written out, these are: He, 2, helium : 1s 2 Ne, 10, neon : 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 Ar, 18, argon : 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 Kr, 36, krypton : 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d 10 ...
The configuration that corresponds to the lowest electronic energy is called the ground state. Any other configuration is an excited state. As an example, the ground state configuration of the sodium atom is 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 1, as deduced from the Aufbau principle (see below).
Rubidium is the second most electropositive of the stable alkali metals and has a very low first ionization energy of only 403 kJ/mol. [12] It has an electron configuration of [Kr]5s 1 and is photosensitive. [15]: 382 Due to its strong electropositive nature, rubidium reacts explosively with water [16] to produce rubidium hydroxide and hydrogen ...
The electrical resistivity of liquid metallic hydrogen at 3000 K is approximately equal to that of liquid rubidium and caesium at 2000 K at the respective pressures when they undergo a nonmetal-to-metal transition. [165] The 1s 1 electron configuration of hydrogen, while analogous to that of the alkali metals (ns 1), is unique because there is ...
Atomic number (Z): 37: Group: group 1: hydrogen and alkali metals: Period: period 5: Block s-block Electron configuration [] 5sElectrons per shell: 2, 8, 18, 8, 1 ...
For Cr as an example the rule predicts the configuration 3d 4 4s 2, but the observed atomic spectra show that the real ground state is 3d 5 4s 1. To explain such exceptions, it is necessary to consider the effects of increasing nuclear charge on the orbital energies, as well as the electron–electron interactions including both Coulomb ...
Element Group Electron configuration electron configuration (P8000) Term symbol note 1, 2, S, P, 1 H hydrogen: 1 1s 1: 1s¹ : 2 S 1/2: S: 2 He helium: 18 1s 2: 1s² : 1 S 0: S: 3 Li lithium