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Allergen immunotherapy, also known as desensitization or hypo-sensitization, is a medical treatment for environmental allergies (such as insect bites) and asthma. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Immunotherapy involves exposing people to larger and larger amounts of allergens in an attempt to change the immune system's response.
In medicine, desensitization is a method to reduce or eliminate an organism's negative reaction to a substance or stimulus. In pharmacology , drug desensitization refers to two related concepts. First, desensitization may be equivalent to drug tolerance and refers to subjects' reactions (positive or negative) to a drug reducing following its ...
The treatment uses dilutions of allergen and enzyme to which T-regulatory lymphocytes are believed to respond by favouring desensitization, or down-regulation, rather than sensitization. Once activated these lymphocytes travel to lymph nodes and reproduce or stimulate similar T-lymphocytes.
Immunotherapy involves exposing people to larger and larger amounts of allergen in an effort to change the immune system's response. [ 6 ] Meta-analyses have found that injections of allergens under the skin is effective in the treatment in allergic rhinitis in children [ 135 ] [ 136 ] and in asthma. [ 134 ]
Desensitization can refer to: Desensitization (telecommunications) Desensitization (medicine) Desensitization (psychology) Desensitization of explosives, see Phlegmatized; Desensitization, Allergen immunotherapy; Desensitization, another name for Exposure therapy
Immunotherapy or biological therapy is the treatment of disease by activating or suppressing the immune system. Immunotherapy is designed to elicit or amplify an immune response are classified as activation immunotherapies, while immunotherapies that reduce or suppress are classified as suppression immunotherapies .
Dupilumab is the first treatment for eosinophilic esophagitis approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). [9] Eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder in which eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, are found in the tissue of the esophagus. [ 9 ]
However, the repeated administration and consequent higher cost for this therapy are major disadvantages. [ 4 ] Monoclonal antibody therapy may prove to be beneficial for cancer , autoimmune diseases , and neurological disorders that result in the degeneration of body cells, such as Alzheimer's disease .