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Bent's rule addresses disparities between the observed and idealized geometries. [3] According to Bent's rule, a central atom bonded to multiple groups will rehybridize so that orbitals with more s character are directed towards electropositive groups, and orbitals with more p character will be directed towards groups that are more electronegative.
Changes in composition of these orbitals is well described by Bent's rule. A trivalent group 14 radical (also known as a trivalent tetrel radical) is a molecule that contains a group 14 element (E = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) with three bonds and a free radical, having the general formula of R 3 E•. Such compounds can be categorized into three ...
By the above discussion, this will decrease the bond angle. In predicting the bond angle of water, Bent's rule suggests that hybrid orbitals with more s character should be directed towards the very electropositive lone pairs, while that leaves orbitals with more p character directed towards the hydrogens.
This is because according to Bent's rule, the C–F bond gains p-orbital character leading to high s-character in the C–H bonds, and H–C–H bond angles approaching those of sp 2 orbitals – e.g. 120° – leaving less for the F–C–H bond angle. The difference is again explained in terms of bent bonds. [3]
1. The 4% rule. The 4% rule is one of the cornerstones of financial planning, and while critics have challenged it over the years, it still remains as a solid guideline. The rule suggests that you ...
The 4% rule is one of the most popular ways to figure out how much you can spend each year in retirement. It says if you withdraw 4% of your balanced portfolio (50% stocks, 50% bonds) in the first ...
The 4% rule is wonderfully simple. It states that an investor can withdraw 4% annually (adjusted for inflation) from a portfolio of 60% stocks and 40% bonds, and expect their savings to last at ...
(By Bent's rule, unoccupied orbitals for a main-group element are almost always of p character, since s character is stabilizing and will be used for bonding orbitals. As an exception, the LUMO of phenyl cation is an sp x ( x ≈ 2) atomic orbital, due to the geometric constraint of the benzene ring.)