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  2. Wreaths and crowns in antiquity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wreaths_and_crowns_in...

    The laurel wreaths of a triumphator were often worn by imperial portraits, as were radiate crowns. [21] According to Pliny the Elder, the Arval Brethren, an ancient Roman priesthood, were accustomed to wear a wreath of grain sheaves. [22] Crowns and wreaths were associated by early Christians with Roman paganism and Hellenistic religion. [21]

  3. Laurel wreath - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurel_wreath

    A laurel wreath is a symbol of triumph, a wreath made of connected branches and leaves of the bay laurel (Laurus nobilis), an aromatic broadleaf evergreen. It was also later made from spineless butcher's broom ( Ruscus hypoglossum ) or cherry laurel ( Prunus laurocerasus ).

  4. Wreath (attire) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wreath_(attire)

    A young girl wearing a floral wreath. A wreath worn for purpose of attire (in English, a "chaplet"; [1] Ancient Greek: στέφανος, romanized: stéfanos, Latin: corona), [2] is a headdress or headband made of leaves, grasses, flowers or branches.

  5. Wreath - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wreath

    The Advent wreath was first used by Lutherans in Germany in the 16th century, [13] and in 1839, Lutheran priest Johann Hinrich Wichern used a wreath made from a cart wheel to educate children about the meaning and purpose of Christmas, as well as to help them count its approach, thus giving rise to the modern version of the Advent wreath. For ...

  6. Roman triumph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_triumph

    The Roman triumph was a civil ... Another shows a globe surrounded by triumphal wreaths, ... and their meaning. This scarcity allows only the most tentative and ...

  7. Chaplet (headgear) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaplet_(headgear)

    A chaplet is a headdress in the form of a wreath made of leaves, flowers or twigs woven into a ring. [1] It is typically worn on festive occasions and on holy days. In ancient times a chaplet also served as a crown representing victory or authority .

  8. Civic Crown - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civic_Crown

    The Civic Crown (Latin: corona civica) was a military decoration during the Roman Republic and the subsequent Roman Empire, given to Romans who saved the lives of fellow citizens. It was regarded as the second highest decoration to which a citizen could aspire (the Grass Crown being held in higher regard).

  9. Roman military decorations and punishments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_military_decorations...

    Βασιλεύς (Basileus), Greek title meaning sovereign, popularly used in the east to refer to the emperor; a formal title of the Roman emperor beginning with Heraclius; Caesar (also "Καίσαρ" or "Nobilissimus Caesar"), "Caesar" or "Most Noble Caesar"; an honorific name later used to identify an Emperor-designate