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Probability matching is a decision strategy in which predictions of class membership are proportional to the class base rates.Thus, if in the training set positive examples are observed 60% of the time, and negative examples are observed 40% of the time, then the observer using a probability-matching strategy will predict (for unlabeled examples) a class label of "positive" on 60% of instances ...
Comparing p(n) = probability of a birthday match with q(n) = probability of matching your birthday. In the birthday problem, neither of the two people is chosen in advance. By contrast, the probability q(n) that at least one other person in a room of n other people has the same birthday as a particular person (for example, you) is given by
Matching is a statistical technique that evaluates the effect of a treatment by comparing the treated and the non-treated units in an observational study or quasi-experiment (i.e. when the treatment is not randomly assigned).
The matching is stable if there are no two elements which are not roommates and which both prefer each other to their roommate under the matching. This is distinct from the stable-marriage problem in that the stable-roommates problem allows matches between any two elements, not just between classes of "men" and "women". It is commonly stated as:
The matching with contracts problem is a generalization of matching problem, in which participants can be matched with different terms of contracts. [17] An important special case of contracts is matching with flexible wages. [18]
Banach's match problem is a classic problem in probability attributed to Stefan Banach.Feller [1] says that the problem was inspired by a humorous reference to Banach's smoking habit in a speech honouring him by Hugo Steinhaus, but that it was not Banach who set the problem or provided an answer.
By the birthday problem, the probability is close to 1 that at least two nodes in that subset are connected by an edge. In the same paper, the authors proposed a Boolean version of the problem, the Boolean Hidden Matching problem, and conjectured that the same quantum-classical gap holds for it as well. [1]
A stable matching always exists, and the algorithmic problem solved by the Gale–Shapley algorithm is to find one. [3] The stable matching problem has also been called the stable marriage problem, using a metaphor of marriage between men and women, and many sources describe the Gale–Shapley algorithm in terms of marriage proposals. However ...