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The Himalayas and the Central Asian mountain ranges consist of the third-largest deposit of ice and snow in the world, after the Antarctic and Arctic regions. [46] It is often referred to as the "Third Pole" as it encompasses about 15,000 glaciers, which store about 12,000 km 3 (2,900 cu mi) of fresh water.
The Himalayas border the Indo-Gangetic Plain to the south, Pamir Mountains to the west in Central Asia, and the Hengduan Mountains to the east on the China–Myanmar border. From east to west the Himalayas are divided into 3 regions, Eastern Himalaya , Central Himalaya, and Western Himalaya, which collectively house several nations and states .
Also called the Mahabharat Range, the Lesser Himalayas is a prominent range 2,000 to 3,000 meters (6,600 to 9,800 ft) high formed along the Main Boundary Thrust fault zone, with a steep southern face and gentler northern slopes. The range is nearly continuous except for river gorges, where groups of rivers from the north gather like candelabra ...
Hagen called them Khumbu Nappes, and Lumbasumba Nappes. [19] Arita calls it the Himalayan Gneiss Group, [16] and it lies above the MCT II, or the upper MCT. The High Himalayan Crystalline units (HHC) [20] are mainly composed of kyanite- to sillimanite-grade gneisses intruded by High Himalayan leucogranites at structurally higher levels. [21]
The Himalayan mountain chain is a fold and thrust belt that can be divided into four units bounded by thrusts from south to north: the Sub-Himalaya, Lesser Himalaya, Greater Himalaya and Tethyan Himalaya. [1] The Lesser Himalayan Zone has a lower relief and elevation of the mountains compared to Greater Himalaya.
These chaotic pileups have happened many times in Earth’s history, including 350 million to 400 million years ago in a process that created the Appalachian Mountains, but modern examples are ...
An American climber was rescued after she and another alpinist from the U.K. were stranded for two days at more than 20,000 feet in the Himalayan mountains.
Zard-Kuh, a fold mountain in the central Zagros range of Iran. When plates collide or undergo subduction (that is, ride one over another), the plates tend to buckle and fold , forming mountains. While volcanic arcs form at oceanic-continental plate boundaries, folding occurs at continental-continental plate boundaries.