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  2. Pockels effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pockels_effect

    Crystals used in transverse Pockels cells include BBO, LiNbO 3, CdTe, ZnSe, and CdSe. [5] The long sides of the crystal are coated with electrodes. Optical retardance Δφ for transverse Pockels cells is similar to that of longitudinal Pockels cells but it is dependent on crystal dimensions. The quarter wave or half wave voltage requirements ...

  3. Lugiato–Lefever equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugiato–Lefever_equation

    The same equation governs two types of patterns: stationary patterns that arise in the planes orthogonal with respect to the direction of propagation of light (transverse patterns) and patterns that form in the longitudinal direction (longitudinal patterns), travel along the cavity with the velocity of light in the medium and give rise to a ...

  4. Polarization (waves) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization_(waves)

    Polarized light with its electric field along the plane of incidence is thus denoted p-polarized, while light whose electric field is normal to the plane of incidence is called s-polarized. P-polarization is commonly referred to as transverse-magnetic (TM), and has also been termed pi-polarized or π-polarized, or tangential plane polarized.

  5. Fresnel equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_equations

    For the s polarization, the E field is parallel to the z axis and may therefore be described by its component in the z direction. Let the reflection and transmission coefficients be r s and t s, respectively. Then, if the incident E field is taken to have unit amplitude, the phasor form of its z-component is

  6. Light field - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_field

    A light field parameterized this way is sometimes called a light slab. Some alternative parameterizations of the 4D light field, which represents the flow of light through an empty region of three-dimensional space. Left: points on a plane or curved surface and directions leaving each point. Center: pairs of points on the surface of a sphere.

  7. Beam emittance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam_emittance

    The geometrical definition of longitudinal emittance is more complex than that of transverse emittance. While the x {\displaystyle x} and y {\displaystyle y} coordinates represent deviation from a reference trajectory which remains static, the z {\displaystyle z} coordinate represents deviation from a reference particle, which is itself moving ...

  8. Cutoff frequency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutoff_frequency

    The z axis is defined to be along the axis of the waveguide. The "longitudinal" derivative in the Laplacian can further be reduced by considering only functions of the form (,,,) = (,) (), where is the longitudinal wavenumber, resulting in (+) (,,) =, where subscript T indicates a 2-dimensional transverse Laplacian. The final step depends on ...

  9. Linear polarization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_polarization

    Diagram of the electric field of a light wave (blue), linear-polarized along a plane (purple line), and consisting of two orthogonal, in-phase components (red and green waves) In electrodynamics , linear polarization or plane polarization of electromagnetic radiation is a confinement of the electric field vector or magnetic field vector to a ...