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Unlike a four-stroke engine, the crankcase of which is closed except for its ventilation system, a two-stroke engine uses the crankcase as part of the induction tract, so oil must be mixed with gasoline to be distributed throughout the engine for lubrication. [1] The resultant mix is referred to as premix or petroil. [2]
JASO M345 is a quality classification standard for two stroke engine oils for engines of Japanese origin. It was introduced by the Japanese Automotive Standards Organization (JASO) in 1994 as JASO M345-93 with the quality levels JASO FA, JASO FB and JASO FC – with FC setting the highest standard.
Data from Cliche & 2si General characteristics Type: Three-cylinder, two-stroke aircraft engine Bore: 69.5 mm (2.74 in) Stroke: 60 mm (2.36 in) Displacement: 684 cc (41.7 cu in) Length: 21.6 in (549 mm) Width: 19.05 in (484 mm) Height: 13.9 in (353 mm) Dry weight: 89 lb (40 kg) Components Valvetrain: reed valve porting Fuel type: Minimum 92 octane Oil system: premixed oil and fuel at 50:1 ...
It is also used in some trolling motors for personal watercraft. In this design, motor oil is blended into the fuel to lubricate the cylinder and reciprocating assembly, in ratios such as 25:1, 40:1, or 50:1 fuel-to-oil. This two-stroke oil is burned during combustion and contributes to emissions and inefficiency. [10]
1893 Hornsby–Akroyd oil engine at the museum of Lincolnshire life, Lincoln, England 14 hp Hornsby–Akroyd oil engine at the Great Dorset Steam Fair in 2008. The Hornsby–Akroyd oil engine, named after its inventor Herbert Akroyd Stuart and the manufacturer Richard Hornsby & Sons, was the first successful design of an internal combustion engine using heavy oil as a fuel.
A tube ensures flow of oil from the reservoir to the oil pump. This system is commonly used for motorcycles as it eliminates the need of pre-mixing fuel and two-stroke oil. Vespa is an example where pre-mixing of two-stroke oil is required. Automatic lubrication was introduced for motorcycles by Velocette in 1913. [1]