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Various attempts have been made, under the British Raj and since, to classify the population of India according to a racial typology.After independence, in pursuance of the government's policy to discourage distinctions between communities based on race, the 1951 Census of India did away with racial classifications.
Indian independence movement fighter Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay wrote of the Indian racial identity in America as being "black". [18] After spending years studying and living with African American families, Chattopadhyay wrote Indians in America should form ties with African Americans, believing they share a common ancestry and a common struggle for independence. [19]
Some Civil War battles occurred in Indian Territory. [46] The first battle in Indian Territory took place July 1 and 2 in 1863, and Union forces included the 1st Kansas Colored Infantry. [46] The first battle against the Confederacy outside Indian Territory occurred at Horse Head Creek, Arkansas on February 17, 1864.
The colonial stereotype of Indian males as dark-skinned rapists lusting after white women was challenged by several novels such as E. M. Forster's A Passage to India (1924) and Paul Scott's The Jewel in the Crown (1966), both of which involve an Indian male being wrongly accused of raping an English female. [46]
This closely resembles words for "black" or "dark" in Indo-Aryan languages (e.g., Sanskrit काल kāla: "black", "of a dark colour"). [144] Likewise, the name of the Dom or Domba people of north India—with whom the Roma have genetic, [146] cultural and linguistic links—has come to imply "dark-skinned" in some Indian languages. [147]
A Sheedi girl in Gujarat, India. Afro-Asians (or African Asians) are African communities that have been living in the Indian subcontinent for centuries and have settled in countries such as India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. This includes the Siddis (who have been in India and Pakistan for over a thousand years) and Kaffirs in Sri Lanka.
The country is known for having a large Indian population stemming from the 18th and 19th-century colonial plantation economy and people of Indian descent now make up a narrow plurality. In Trinidad and Tobago, people of African-Indian mixed descent are called "douglas".
Two historical anthropologists favored a binary racial classification system that divided people into a light skin and dark skin categories. 18th-century anthropologist Christoph Meiners, who first defined the Caucasian race, posited a "binary racial scheme" of two races with the Caucasian whose racial purity was exemplified by the "venerated ...