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Orthogonal protection of L-Tyrosine (Protecting groups are marked in blue, the amino acid is shown in black).(1) Fmoc-protected amino group, (2) benzyl ester protected carboxyl group and (3) tert-butyl ether protected phenolic hydroxyl group of Tyrosine.
L-Tyrosine or tyrosine (symbol Tyr or Y) [2] or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine is one of the 20 standard amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. It is a conditionally essential amino acid with a polar side group .
In plants, the shikimate pathway first leads to the formation of chorismate, which is the precursor of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan.These aromatic amino acids are the precursors of many secondary metabolites, all essential to a plant's biological functions, such as the hormones salicylate and auxin.
Tyrosine is an amino acid made by the body. It may boost cognitive function, especially during periods of stress. Many foods contain tyrosine. Tyrosine is an amino acid made by the body. It may ...
The fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl protecting group (Fmoc) is a base-labile amine protecting group used in organic synthesis, particularly in peptide synthesis [1]. It is popular for its stability toward acids and hydrolysis and its selective removal by weak bases, such as piperidine , without affecting most other protecting groups or sensitive ...
The protection of the exocyclic amino groups must be orthogonal to that of the 5'-hydroxy group because the latter is removed at the end of each synthetic cycle. The simplest to implement and hence the most widely accepted is the strategy where the exocyclic amino groups bear a base-labile protection.
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Phenylalanine ammonia lyase is specific for L-phenylalanine, and to a lesser extent, L-tyrosine. [9] [10] The reaction catalyzed by PAL is a spontaneous elimination reaction rather than an oxidative deamination. [11]