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Serum tests evaluate plasma bilirubin, haemolysis and liver function and are essential for definitive diagnosis. When total serum bilirubin exceeds 2.5 mg/dL and unconjugated bilirubin occupies >85% of total amount, it is classified as unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. [6]
Blood test results are advised to always be interpreted using the reference range provided by the laboratory that performed the test. The SI units are μmol/L. [52] Typical ranges for adults are: [53] 0–0.3 mg/dl – Direct (conjugated) bilirubin level; 0.1–1.2 mg/dl – Total serum bilirubin level
People with GS predominantly have elevated unconjugated bilirubin, while conjugated bilirubin is usually within the normal range or is less than 20% of the total. Levels of bilirubin in GS patients are reported to be from 20 μM to 90 μM (1.2 to 5.3 mg/dl) [38] compared to the normal amount of < 20 μM. GS patients have a ratio of unconjugated ...
Jaundice in infants, as in adults, is characterized by increased bilirubin levels (infants: total serum bilirubin greater than 5 mg/dL). Normal physiological neonatal jaundice is due to immaturity of liver enzymes involved in bilirubin metabolism, immature gut microbiota, and increased breakdown of fetal hemoglobin (HbF). [54]
Total bilirubin more than 331.5 μmol/L (19.5 mg/dL) (hyperbilirubinemia). Direct bilirubin more than 34 μmol/L (2.0 mg/dL). The signs which help detect pathological jaundice are the presence of intrauterine growth restriction , stigma of intrauterine infections (e.g. cataracts , small head , and enlargement of the liver and spleen ...
In acute appendicitis, total bilirubin can rise from 20.52 μmol/L to 143 μmol/L. In pregnant women, the total bilirubin level is low in all three trimesters. [6] The measurement of bilirubin levels in the newborns is done through the use of bilimeter or transcutanoeus bilirubinometer instead of performing LFTs.
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serum creatinine ≥ 2 times the upper limit of normal for age or 2-fold increase in baseline creatinine in people with chronic kidney disease; Liver dysfunction (only applicable to infants > 1 month) total serum bilirubin ≥ 4 mg/dL, or; alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≥ 2 times the upper limit of normal