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Cyhalothrin (ISO common name [3]) is an organic compound that, in specific isomeric forms, is used as a pesticide. [4] It is a pyrethroid, a class of synthetic insecticides that mimic the structure and properties of the naturally occurring insecticide pyrethrin which is present in the flowers of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium.
Cyfluthrin is a pyrethroid insecticide and common household pesticide. It is a complex organic compound and the commercial product is sold as a mixture of isomers.Like most pyrethroids (MoA 3a), [1] it is highly toxic to fish and invertebrates, but it is far less toxic to humans. [2]
Chemical structure of Allethrin isomers Chemical structure of Permethrin isomers. A pyrethroid is an organic compound similar to the natural pyrethrins, which are produced by the flowers of pyrethrums (Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium and C. coccineum). Pyrethroids are used as commercial and household insecticides. [1]
Cypermethrin is moderately toxic through skin contact or ingestion. It may cause irritation to the skin and eyes. Symptoms of dermal exposure include numbness, tingling, itching, burning sensation, loss of bladder control, incoordination, seizures and possible death.
In one study of a patient who died of profenofos poisoning, the major metabolites of profenofos were identified as des-S-propylated profenofos, two isomers of despropylated propenofos, and desethylated propenofos. [8] A downstream, nontoxic metabolite, 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol, has been proposed as biomarker for exposure. [9]
Tefluthrin (X=CH 3) is manufactured by the esterification of cyhalothrin acid chloride [6] with 4-methyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzyl alcohol. [7] The latter was a novel compound when tefluthrin was invented [ 8 ] and the choice of routes to it has been discussed.
Lindane is the gamma isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane ("γ-HCH"). In addition to the issue of lindane pollution, some concerns are related to the other isomers of HCH, namely alpha-HCH and beta-HCH, which are notably more toxic than lindane, lack its insecticidal properties, and are byproducts of lindane production. [6]
Allethrin I (R = −CH 3) Allethrin II (R = −COOCH 3). The allethrins are a group of related synthetic compounds used in insecticides.They are classified as pyrethroids, i.e. synthetic versions of pyrethrin, a chemical with insecticidal properties found naturally in Chrysanthemum flowers.