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In mathematics, polynomial identity testing (PIT) is the problem of efficiently determining whether two multivariate polynomials are identical. More formally, a PIT algorithm is given an arithmetic circuit that computes a polynomial p in a field , and decides whether p is the zero polynomial.
One can obtain explicit formulas for the above expressions in the form of determinants, by considering the first n of Newton's identities (or it counterparts for the complete homogeneous polynomials) as linear equations in which the elementary symmetric functions are known and the power sums are unknowns (or vice versa), and apply Cramer's rule ...
The degree of the zero polynomial 0 (which has no terms at all) is generally treated as not defined (but see below). [9] For example: is a term. The coefficient is −5, the indeterminates are x and y, the degree of x is two, while the degree of y is one.
For functions in certain classes, the problem of determining: whether two functions are equal, known as the zero-equivalence problem (see Richardson's theorem); [5] the zeroes of a function; whether the indefinite integral of a function is also in the class. [6] Of course, some subclasses of these problems are decidable.
Here the greatest common divisor of 0 and 0 is taken to be 0.The integers x and y are called Bézout coefficients for (a, b); they are not unique.A pair of Bézout coefficients can be computed by the extended Euclidean algorithm, and this pair is, in the case of integers one of the two pairs such that | x | ≤ | b/d | and | y | ≤ | a/d |; equality occurs only if one of a and b is a multiple ...
In algebra, the Amitsur–Levitzki theorem states that the algebra of n × n matrices over a commutative ring satisfies a certain identity of degree 2n. It was proved by Amitsur and Levitsky . In particular matrix rings are polynomial identity rings such that the smallest identity they satisfy has degree exactly 2n.
The class of questions where an answer can be verified in polynomial time is "NP", standing for "nondeterministic polynomial time". [Note 1] An answer to the P versus NP question would determine whether problems that can be verified in polynomial time can also be solved in polynomial time. If P ≠ NP, which is widely believed, it would mean ...
Polynomial identity may refer to: Algebraic identities of polynomials (see Factorization) Polynomial identity ring; Polynomial identity testing