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In the fossil fuel industries, hydrocarbon refers to naturally occurring petroleum, natural gas and coal, or their hydrocarbon derivatives and purified forms. Combustion of hydrocarbons is the main source of the world's energy. Petroleum is the dominant raw-material source for organic commodity chemicals such as solvents and polymers.
Aliphatic compounds can be saturated, joined by single bonds (), or unsaturated, with double bonds or triple bonds ().If other elements (heteroatoms) are bound to the carbon chain, the most common being oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine, it is no longer a hydrocarbon, and therefore no longer an aliphatic compound.
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1.122 064 990 122 11 × 10 37: C 82 H 166: n-dooctacontane 83 2.150 278 094 747 97 × 10 32: 3.578 584 997 560 67 × 10 37: C 83 H 168: n-trioctacontane 84 5.875 317 238 265 77 × 10 32: 1.141 724 657 744 27 × 10 38: C 84 H 170: n-tetraoctacontane 85 1.605 913 778 494 71 × 10 33: 3.643 883 155 873 11 × 10 38: C 85 H 172: n-pentaoctacontane ...
Alkenes cause instability of hydrocarbon fuels. [9] Fluid catalytic cracking is a commonly used process, and a modern oil refinery will typically include a cat cracker, particularly at refineries in the US, due to the high demand for gasoline. [10] [11] [12] The process was first used around 1942 and employs a powdered catalyst. During WWII ...
A comparison between the five platonic solids and the corresponding three platonic hydrocarbons. In organic chemistry, a Platonic hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon whose structure matches one of the five Platonic solids, with carbon atoms replacing its vertices, carbon–carbon bonds replacing its edges, and hydrogen atoms as needed. [1] [page needed]
Unsaturated compounds generally carry out typical addition reactions that are not possible with saturated compounds such as alkanes. A saturated organic compound has only single bonds between carbon atoms. An important class of saturated compounds are the alkanes. Many saturated compounds have functional groups, e.g., alcohols.
Bromine test is used to test the saturation of hydrocarbons. [17] The bromine test can also be used as an indication of the degree of unsaturation for unsaturated hydrocarbons. Bromine number is defined as gram of bromine able to react with 100g of product. [18] Similar as hydrogenation, the halogenation of bromine is also depend on the number ...