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In mathematics, a homogeneous polynomial, sometimes called quantic in older texts, is a polynomial whose nonzero terms all have the same degree. [1] For example, x 5 + 2 x 3 y 2 + 9 x y 4 {\displaystyle x^{5}+2x^{3}y^{2}+9xy^{4}} is a homogeneous polynomial of degree 5, in two variables; the sum of the exponents in each term is always 5.
Multiplying this by the generating function for the complete homogeneous symmetric polynomials, one obtains the constant series 1 (equivalently, plethystic exponentials satisfy the usual properties of an exponential), and the relation between the elementary and complete homogeneous polynomials follows from comparing coefficients of t m.
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Given a homogeneous polynomial of degree with real coefficients that takes only positive values, one gets a positively homogeneous function of degree / by raising it to the power /. So for example, the following function is positively homogeneous of degree 1 but not homogeneous: ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ) 1 2 . {\displaystyle \left(x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2 ...
More concretely, an n-ary quadratic form over a field K is a homogeneous polynomial of degree 2 in n variables with coefficients in K: (, …,) = = =,. This formula may be rewritten using matrices: let x be the column vector with components x 1 , ..., x n and A = ( a ij ) be the n × n matrix over K whose entries are the coefficients of q .
Furthermore, if the polynomial has a degree 2d greater than two, there are significantly many more non-negative polynomials that cannot be expressed as sums of squares. [4] The following table summarizes in which cases every non-negative homogeneous polynomial (or a polynomial of even degree) can be represented as a sum of squares:
In mathematics, the Bombieri norm, named after Enrico Bombieri, is a norm on homogeneous polynomials with coefficient in or (there is also a version for non homogeneous univariate polynomials). This norm has many remarkable properties, the most important being listed in this article.
In the case of polynomials in more than one indeterminate, a polynomial is called homogeneous of degree n if all of its non-zero terms have degree n. The zero polynomial is homogeneous, and, as a homogeneous polynomial, its degree is undefined. [c] For example, x 3 y 2 + 7x 2 y 3 − 3x 5 is homogeneous of degree 5. For more details, see ...