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Maximilien Robespierre, member of the Committee of Public Safety. During the Reign of Terror, the sans-culottes and the Hébertists put pressure on the National Convention delegates and contributed to the overall instability of France.
Maximilien de Robespierre was baptised on 6 May 1758 in Arras, Artois. [a] His father, François Maximilien Barthélémy de Robespierre, a lawyer, married Jacqueline Marguerite Carrault, the daughter of a brewer, in January 1758. Maximilien, the eldest of four children, was born four months later.
On 27 July 1793, Robespierre was elected to the Committee of Public Safety, and would remain a member until his death. [5] During the months between September 1793 and July 1794, the Committee's power increased dramatically due to several measures instated during the Terror, such as the Law of Suspects, and the later Law of 14th Frimaire, becoming the de facto executive branch of the ...
The Robespierre brothers, Saint-Just, Le Bas and Couthon ensconced themselves in the Hôtel de Ville, attempting to incite an insurrection. Ultimately, faced with defeat and arrest, Le Bas committed suicide, while Saint-Just, Couthon, and Maximilien and Augustin Robespierre were arrested and guillotined on 28 July 1794. [28]
The arrest of Maximilien Robespierre and his allies showing at the centre of the image gendarme Merda firing at Robespierre (colour engraving by Jean-Joseph-François Tassaert after the painting by Fulchran-Jean Harriet, Carnavalet Museum) Other policies aimed at supporting the poor included price controls enacted by the Mountain in 1793.
In the third phase, called Thermidor after the month in which it began, many of the members of the Convention overthrew the most prominent member of the committee, Maximilien Robespierre. This reaction to the radical influence of the Committee of Public Safety reestablished the balance of power in the hands of the moderate deputies.
Following the attempted assassinations of Convention members Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois on 23 May and Maximilien Robespierre on 25 May 1794, on 10 June (22 Prairial Year II) the so-called "Prairial Laws" were passed. These limited trials in the Revolutionary Tribunal to three days.
From Left to Right: Maximilien Robespierre, Herault de Seychelles, Louis Antoine de Saint-Just, Georges Couthon, Lazare Carnot and Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois. In 1794, French revolutionary Maximilien Robespierre produced the world's first defense of "state terror" – claiming that the road to virtue lay through political violence.