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Share of the Baghdad railway, issued 31 December 1903 [1]. The Baghdad railway, also known as the Berlin–Baghdad railway (Turkish: Bağdat Demiryolu, German: Bagdadbahn, Arabic: سكة حديد بغداد, French: Chemin de Fer Impérial Ottoman de Bagdad), was started in 1903 to connect Berlin with the then Ottoman city of Baghdad, from where the Germans wanted to establish a port on the ...
Once the Ottoman Empire entered the war against the allies, the completion of the Berlin–Baghdad railway became a threat to the allies, as the actual origin was Hamburg and the intended terminus Basra. This route from the North Sea to the Indian Ocean posed a major threat to the British Empire which acted promptly to seize Basra and blockade ...
Haydarpasha Istanbul - designed to be a flagship station of the Berlin to Baghdad railway: Kaiser Wilhelm's Weltpolitik taking concrete form (from McMeekin's Prologue). As the Ottoman Empire lined up with Germany during the First World War a project unfolded to turn the Muslim world against British power: 'from Tripoli to Kabul', the Germans '[spread] jihad, guns and bribes'.
The fall of Niš had a huge psychological impact on both of fighting sides: Serbians were forced to continue in their Great Retreat, for Central Powers the victory ment removing the last obstacle for operating the Berlin–Baghdad railway, [1] the shortest railway connection between Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire.
In explaining why neutral Britain went to war with Germany, Paul Kennedy (1980) recognized it was critical for war that Germany become economically more powerful than Britain, but he downplays the disputes over economic trade imperialism, the Baghdad Railway, confrontations in Central and Eastern Europe, highly-charged political rhetoric and ...
In addition to these factors, growing German influence in the region caused by the creation of the Berlin-Baghdad railway was of concern to London. [15] [16] As for the Turks, they were unable to fully control Mesopotamia and constantly engaged in border disputes with neighboring Persia. Therefore, local policy was largely decided by local Arab ...
"An Armenian view of the Baghdad Railway", caricature depicting the railway as composed of human bones. The Baghdad railway was not located on the major routes of Armenian deportations or the main killing fields in the Syrian Desert. Nevertheless, it employed thousands of Armenians before 1915 and became drawn into the genocide. [16]
The British also became concerned about the Berlin–Baghdad railway. Although never ratified, the British had also initialled the Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1913 . As part of the Mesopotamian campaign , on 11 March 1917, the British entered Baghdad, the Armistice of Mudros was signed on 30 October 1918 although the British continued their ...