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A power converter is an electrical device for converting electrical energy between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC). It can also change the voltage or frequency of the current. Power converters include simple devices such as transformers, and more complex ones like resonant converters.
The abbreviations AC and DC are often used to mean simply alternating and direct, respectively, as when they modify current or voltage. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The usual waveform of alternating current in most electric power circuits is a sine wave , whose positive half-period corresponds with positive direction of the current and vice versa (the full ...
The AC input (yellow) and DC output (green) of a half-wave rectifier with a smoothing capacitor. Note the ripple in the DC signal. The significant gap (about 0.7V) between the peak of the AC input and the peak of the DC output is due to the forward voltage drop of the rectifier diode.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 8 October 2024. Circuit arrangement of four diodes Diode bridge Diode bridge in various packages Type Semiconductor Inventor Karol Pollak in 1895 Electronic symbol 2 alternating-current (AC) inputs converted into 2 direct-current (DC) outputs A hand-made diode bridge. The silver band on the diodes ...
The neutral current can be determined by adding the three phase currents together as complex numbers and then converting from rectangular to polar co-ordinates. If the three-phase root mean square (RMS) currents are I L 1 {\displaystyle I_{L1}} , I L 2 {\displaystyle I_{L2}} , and I L 3 {\displaystyle I_{L3}} , the neutral RMS current is:
In linear circuits, due to the superposition principle, the output of a circuit is equal to the sum of the output due to its DC sources alone, and the output from its AC sources alone. Therefore, the DC and AC response of a circuit is often analyzed independently, using separate DC and AC equivalent circuits which have the same response as the ...
In electronics and electrical engineering, the form factor of an alternating current waveform (signal) is the ratio of the RMS (root mean square) value to the average value (mathematical mean of absolute values of all points on the waveform). [1] It identifies the ratio of the direct current of equal power relative to the given alternating ...
A complete converter station may contain several such converters in series and/or parallel to achieve total system DC voltage ratings of up to 1,100 kV. Symbol for HVDC converter. Almost all HVDC converters are inherently bi-directional; they can convert either from AC to DC (rectification) or from DC to AC (inversion).